Strain Profile
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Escherichia coli K-12 MG1655
K-12
MG1655
◔
Human-origin
Where this strain was first isolated, curated from the literature and culture-collection catalogs. It describes provenance only — not suitability, and not benefit.
How we classify this →
Sequenced
Whether a public genome assembly is linked for this strain. Without one the genome screens cannot run. It is not a verdict on the organism.
How we classify this →
Public genome assembly available
Escherichia coli K-12 MG1655 is the canonical laboratory reference strain of E. coli, one of the most extensively characterized organisms in all of biology. It is used as a foundational tool for genetic, metabolic, and microbiological research — and more recently as a production host for biosynthesis of food ingredients such as human milk oligosaccharides. This strain is not a probiotic; it is a research and production organism with no established role in human supplementation. The indexed literature reflects this entirely research-tool context, with papers spanning metabolic physiology, antimicrobial testing, and regulatory safety reviews of derived production strains.
Where it's been studied Tags come from a conservative keyword scan of each paper's title, abstract, and summary. A tag is research coverage, not measured effect. How we classify this →
Share of this strain's 34 body-system-tagged papers that concern each system. Research coverage, not measured effect.
Symptoms in the research A tag means the paper's text names the symptom or condition — research coverage, not evidence of benefit. How we classify this →
Share of this strain's 13 symptom-tagged papers that mention each symptom or condition. Research coverage, not evidence of benefit.
Research Study-type filters use AI-classified labels, audited but not guaranteed — check the paper itself before leaning on one. How we classify this →
62 papers reference this strain in the probiotic database.
Match confidence
How strongly this paper was matched to this strain when the corpus was linked. It orders the list — it says nothing about the study's quality or its findings.
How we classify this →
IN_VITRO
2026
IN_VITRO
2026
REVIEW
2025
ANIMAL
2025
IN_VITRO
2025
IN_VITRO
2022
IN_VITRO
2021
ANIMAL
2019
IN_VITRO
2019
OTHER
2019
IN_VITRO
2018
IN_VITRO
2017
IN_VITRO
2012
IN_VITRO
2011
OBSERVATIONAL
2009
IN_VITRO
2007
IN_VITRO
2006
IN_VITRO
2004
ANIMAL
2003
IN_VITRO
Browse all 62 papers →
Disruptions in outer membrane-peptidoglycan interactions enhance bile salt resistance in O-antigen-producing E. coli
· Newcastle University ePrints (Newcastle Univesity)
Effects of Hexuronic Acids on the Expression of Genes for Structural Flagellar Proteins and Regulators of Biofilm Formation in Escherichia coli K-12 MG1655
· Molecular Biology
Safety of 6′‐sialyllactose (6′‐SL) sodium salt produced with a derivative strain (Escherichia coli K‐12 MG1655 INB‐6SL_02) of E. coli K‐12 MG1655 (ATCC 700926) as a novel food pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283
· EFSA Journal
Dietary intake of enrofloxacin promotes the spread of antibiotic resistance from food to simulated human gut
· The ISME Journal
Disruptions in outer membrane-peptidoglycan interactions enhance bile salt resistance in O-antigen-producing E. coli
· mBio
Impact of DNA methyltransferases on bacterial fitness and genome stability in Escherichia coli
· Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance
Adaptive metabolic mechanisms to nutritional and genetic constraints in Escherichia coli
· theses.fr (ABES)
Colonization of gut microbiota by plasmid-carrying bacteria is facilitated by evolutionary adaptation to antibiotic treatment
· The ISME Journal
Using high-density mutagenesis to identify the genetic requirements for the growth of Escherichia coli
· Cork Open Research Archive (University College Cork, Ireland)
Adaptive laboratory evolution of Escherichia coli under acid stress
· bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)
Adaptive laboratory evolution of Escherichia coli under acid stress
· Microbiology
Kinetic, Metabolic and Macromolecular Response of Bacteria to Antimicrobial Agents
·
Interspecies cross‐talk between co‐cultured Pseudomonas putida and Escherichia coli
· Environmental Microbiology Reports
Role of the Csr system in carbon nutrition and in the control of central metabolism in Escherichia coli K-12 MG1655 and Nissle 1917
· theses.fr (ABES)
Stock culture heterogeneity rather than new mutational variation complicates short-term cell physiology studies of Escherichia coli K-12 MG1655 in continuous culture
· Microbiology
Use of a Riboswitch-controlled Conditional Hypomorphic Mutation to Uncover a Role for the Essential csrA Gene in Bacterial Autoaggregation
· Journal of Biological Chemistry
Modification of Lipopolysaccharide with Colanic Acid (M-antigen) Repeats in Escherichia coli
· Journal of Biological Chemistry
Flow-cytometric study of vital cellular functions in Escherichia coli during solar disinfection (SODIS)
· Microbiology
Glycolytic and Gluconeogenic Growth of Escherichia coli O157:H7 (EDL933) and E. coli K-12 (MG1655) in the Mouse Intestine
· Infection and Immunity
Polyamines and Glutamate Decarboxylase-based Acid Resistance in Escherichia coli
· Journal of Biological Chemistry
Discussion
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Citations
Selected papers that name this strain.
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[1]
Source →Effects of Hexuronic Acids on the Expression of Genes for Structural Flagellar Proteins and Regulators of Biofilm Formation in Escherichia coli K-12 MG1655· Molecular Biology · 2026
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[2]
PMID 41625160 →Safety of 6′‐sialyllactose (6′‐SL) sodium salt produced with a derivative strain (Escherichia coli K‐12 MG1655 INB‐6SL_02) of E. coli K‐12 MG1655 (ATCC 700926) as a novel food pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283· EFSA Journal · 2026
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[3]
Source →Development of a Genome-Scale Metabolic Model and Phenome Analysis of the Probiotic Escherichia coli Strain Nissle 1917· International Journal of Molecular Sciences · 2021
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[4]
PMID 14977974 →Glycolytic and Gluconeogenic Growth of Escherichia coli O157:H7 (EDL933) and E. coli K-12 (MG1655) in the Mouse Intestine· Infection and Immunity · 2004