Urinary tract infection: strains named in the research

Lactobacillus crispatus is a lactic acid bacterium native to the human vaginal microbiota.

Lactobacillus acidophilus is one of the most studied lactic acid bacteria, with research dating back decades documenting its ability to survive the harsh conditions of the gastrointestinal tract, including acid and bile …

Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus, most widely studied as the GG strain, has an extensive research record, though the evidence base in this index is predominantly in vitro and animal-model work.

Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (formerly Lactobacillus plantarum) is a well-characterized lactic acid bacterium found across fermented foods, the human gut, and diverse environmental niches.

Escherichia coli K-12 is a well-studied non-pathogenic laboratory strain of E.

Lactobacillus casei (species-level entry, undesignated strain) is a broadly studied lactic acid bacterium encountered across fermented dairy and non-dairy foods.

Enterococcus faecalis is a gram-positive bacterium that is a normal inhabitant of the human gastrointestinal tract, but it is also a well-documented opportunistic pathogen associated with nosocomial (hospital-acquired) i…

Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) is a non-pathogenic E.

Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) is one of the most extensively studied probiotic strains globally, though the papers linked to this strain entry focus primarily on encapsulation technology and formulation stability…

Lacticaseibacillus casei (species-level entry, no specific strain designation) is a broad species grouping that includes well-studied commercial strains such as L.

Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GR-1 is among the most thoroughly researched probiotic strains for urogenital health, with multiple randomized controlled trials evaluating its oral use in relation to vaginal microbiota comp…

Enterococcus gallinarum is an intrinsically vancomycin-resistant enterococcal species — a normal inhabitant of the intestinal tracts of birds and mammals — that appears across clinical, food, water, and environmental set…

Enterococcus casseliflavus is an intrinsically vancomycin-resistant enterococcal species (meaning resistance is encoded in its chromosome, not acquired through gene transfer) found in environmental and food settings as w…

Bifidobacterium longum is a well-characterized commensal species found throughout the human gut, with a particularly studied role in early-life microbiome establishment.

Enterococcus faecium (undesignated strain) appears in the research literature primarily in the context of antibiotic resistance and hospital-associated infection rather than probiotic applications.

Bifidobacterium breve is a species commonly found in the human gut, particularly in breastfed infants, where it plays a role in fermenting complex carbohydrates including human milk oligosaccharides.

Lactobacillus fermentum (species-level entry, no specific strain designation) is a heterofermentative lactic acid bacterium found in fermented foods and the human gastrointestinal tract.

Lactococcus garvieae is a gram-positive bacterium recognized primarily as a fish pathogen responsible for lactococcosis — a systemic disease causing significant mortality in aquaculture species such as yellowtail and rai…

Limosilactobacillus reuteri RC-14 has been studied primarily in the context of urogenital and oral health, often in combination with its companion strain L.

Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 is a standard clinical reference strain used in antimicrobial susceptibility testing and dental research.

Lactobacillus crispatus CTV-05, marketed as LACTIN-V, is a vaginally administered live biotherapeutic product studied in one of the more extensive clinical development programs among probiotic strains.

Enterococcus durans is a species found in dairy products, animal faeces, and environmental sources, and the research literature indexed for this entry reflects concerns about antibiotic resistance transmission rather tha…

Lacticaseibacillus paracasei (the species, without a designated strain identifier) is a broadly distributed lactic acid bacterium found in fermented foods and the human gut.

Bifidobacterium animalis BB-12 is one of the most extensively studied Bifidobacterium strains, with a research record spanning food science, gut physiology, and clinical settings.