Oral

Lactobacillus acidophilus is one of the most studied lactic acid bacteria, with research dating back decades documenting its ability to survive the harsh conditions of the gastrointestinal tract, including acid and bile …

Lactobacillus casei (species-level entry, undesignated strain) is a broadly studied lactic acid bacterium encountered across fermented dairy and non-dairy foods.

Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus, most widely studied as the GG strain, has an extensive research record, though the evidence base in this index is predominantly in vitro and animal-model work.

Lacticaseibacillus casei (species-level entry, no specific strain designation) is a broad species grouping that includes well-studied commercial strains such as L.

Streptococcus mitis is a gram-positive commensal bacterium that forms part of the normal oral and upper respiratory microbiota in humans.

Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (formerly Lactobacillus plantarum) is a well-characterized lactic acid bacterium found across fermented foods, the human gut, and diverse environmental niches.

Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 is a standard clinical reference strain used in antimicrobial susceptibility testing and dental research.

Lacticaseibacillus paracasei (the species, without a designated strain identifier) is a broadly distributed lactic acid bacterium found in fermented foods and the human gut.

Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) is one of the most extensively studied probiotic strains globally, though the papers linked to this strain entry focus primarily on encapsulation technology and formulation stability…

Streptococcus salivarius K12 is an oral probiotic strain with one of the broader clinical evidence bases in upper respiratory and oral health research.

Lactobacillus brevis is a heterofermentative lactic acid bacterium widely distributed in fermented food environments.

Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis HN019 is among the more extensively studied probiotic strains, with human clinical trials exploring its potential across several areas.

Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 (formerly Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938) has been studied in multiple randomized controlled trials and at least one published meta-analysis examining infantile colic, episodes of p…

Akkermansia muciniphila is a gut bacterium that naturally inhabits the mucus layer lining the intestine and has attracted substantial scientific interest as a potential next-generation probiotic.

Streptococcus salivarius M18 is an oral probiotic strain with a growing body of randomized controlled trial evidence focused on dental and periodontal health.

Bifidobacterium longum is a well-characterized commensal species found throughout the human gut, with a particularly studied role in early-life microbiome establishment.

Enterococcus faecalis is a gram-positive bacterium that is a normal inhabitant of the human gastrointestinal tract, but it is also a well-documented opportunistic pathogen associated with nosocomial (hospital-acquired) i…

Limosilactobacillus reuteri RC-14 has been studied primarily in the context of urogenital and oral health, often in combination with its companion strain L.

Ligilactobacillus salivarius (species-level entry, no specific strain designation) is an oral and intestinal lactic acid bacterium studied across several strains for immune modulation and respiratory health.

Bacillus stearothermophilus is a thermophilic, Gram-positive bacterium found in high-temperature environments.

Lactobacillus crispatus is a lactic acid bacterium native to the human vaginal microbiota.

Weissella cibaria CMU is an oral probiotic strain (isolated from human saliva) that has been evaluated specifically in the context of oral health.

Bacillus coagulans is a spore-forming bacterium studied as a probiotic candidate, in part because its spores exhibit heat and acid stability, a property studied in relation to survival through food processing and gastric…

Lactobacillus casei Shirota is one of the most extensively studied probiotic strains, with a research history spanning several decades.