Immune: strains named in the research

Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (formerly Lactobacillus plantarum) is a well-characterized lactic acid bacterium found across fermented foods, the human gut, and diverse environmental niches.

Lactobacillus acidophilus is one of the most studied lactic acid bacteria, with research dating back decades documenting its ability to survive the harsh conditions of the gastrointestinal tract, including acid and bile …

Lactobacillus casei (species-level entry, undesignated strain) is a broadly studied lactic acid bacterium encountered across fermented dairy and non-dairy foods.

Akkermansia muciniphila is a gut bacterium that naturally inhabits the mucus layer lining the intestine and has attracted substantial scientific interest as a potential next-generation probiotic.

Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus, most widely studied as the GG strain, has an extensive research record, though the evidence base in this index is predominantly in vitro and animal-model work.

Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) is one of the most extensively studied probiotic strains globally, though the papers linked to this strain entry focus primarily on encapsulation technology and formulation stability…

Bifidobacterium longum is a well-characterized commensal species found throughout the human gut, with a particularly studied role in early-life microbiome establishment.

Lacticaseibacillus casei (species-level entry, no specific strain designation) is a broad species grouping that includes well-studied commercial strains such as L.

Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) is a non-pathogenic E.

Bifidobacterium breve is a species commonly found in the human gut, particularly in breastfed infants, where it plays a role in fermenting complex carbohydrates including human milk oligosaccharides.

Faecalibacterium prausnitzii is a butyrate-producing commensal bacterium that is among the most abundant in a healthy human gut and has attracted significant research interest as a potential next-generation probiotic.

Lacticaseibacillus paracasei (the species, without a designated strain identifier) is a broadly distributed lactic acid bacterium found in fermented foods and the human gut.

Clostridium butyricum is a spore-forming anaerobic bacterium capable of producing butyric acid through fermentation.

Lactobacillus crispatus is a lactic acid bacterium native to the human vaginal microbiota.

Bifidobacterium infantis is an anaerobic bacterium native to the infant gut microbiota.

Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron is a dominant member of the healthy human gut microbiome and one of the most extensively studied gut commensal bacteria.

Lactobacillus johnsonii is a facultative anaerobic lactic acid bacterium originally isolated from the human vaginal microbiota.

Cutibacterium acnes (formerly Propionibacterium acnes) is a slow-growing bacterium that is a normal resident of human skin, particularly in sebaceous (oil-secreting) follicles.

Bacillus licheniformis is a spore-forming bacterium studied in veterinary and aquaculture applications.

Lactobacillus brevis is a heterofermentative lactic acid bacterium widely distributed in fermented food environments.

Lactobacillus helveticus is a lactic acid bacterium widely used in dairy fermentation and probiotic applications.

Bacillus amyloliquefaciens is a spore-forming soil bacterium known primarily for its enzyme-producing capabilities and agricultural biocontrol applications — including suppression of plant pathogens and promotion of plan…

Bacillus coagulans is a spore-forming bacterium studied as a probiotic candidate, in part because its spores exhibit heat and acid stability, a property studied in relation to survival through food processing and gastric…

Bacillus subtilis is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterium widely distributed in soil and food environments, including fermented products.