Strain Profile
· NCBI Strain Taxon
511693
NCBI Taxonomy's node for this specific strain. A different identifier from the culture-collection deposit numbers below, which name a physical stock rather than a taxonomic node.
How we classify this →
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Escherichia coli BL21
DEP
BL21
◔
Human-origin
Where this strain was first isolated, curated from the literature and culture-collection catalogs. It describes provenance only — not suitability, and not benefit.
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Sequenced
Whether a public genome assembly is linked for this strain. Without one the genome screens cannot run. It is not a verdict on the organism.
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Public genome assembly available
Escherichia coli BL21 is a laboratory expression host strain widely used in molecular biology for recombinant protein production; it is not a probiotic organism and is not used in human health supplementation. The indexed literature for this strain reflects its role as a biotechnology chassis — production of novel food oligosaccharides, recombinant peptides, biofilm studies, and enzyme characterization. It should not be confused with probiotic E. coli strains such as Nissle 1917, which has a distinct and separate evidence base. No evidence for a probiotic or health-supportive role of BL21 in humans exists in the indexed record.
Where it's been studied Tags come from a conservative keyword scan of each paper's title, abstract, and summary. A tag is research coverage, not measured effect. How we classify this →
Share of this strain's 79 body-system-tagged papers that concern each system. Research coverage, not measured effect.
+5 more systems
Symptoms in the research A tag means the paper's text names the symptom or condition — research coverage, not evidence of benefit. How we classify this →
Share of this strain's 26 symptom-tagged papers that mention each symptom or condition. Research coverage, not evidence of benefit.
Research Study-type filters use AI-classified labels, audited but not guaranteed — check the paper itself before leaning on one. How we classify this →
993 papers reference this strain in the probiotic database.
Match confidence
How strongly this paper was matched to this strain when the corpus was linked. It orders the list — it says nothing about the study's quality or its findings.
How we classify this →
2026
OTHER
2025
OTHER
2025
IN_VITRO
2024
ANIMAL
2023
IN_VITRO
2022
REVIEW
2022
REVIEW
2022
REVIEW
2018
IN_VITRO
2018
ANIMAL
2017
ANIMAL
2017
ANIMAL
2016
ANIMAL
2015
IN_VITRO
2014
WGS
2014
OTHER
2014
IN_VITRO
2014
OBSERVATIONAL
2013
IN_VITRO
2011
IN_VITRO
Browse all 993 papers →
Proof-of-concept engineering of Escherichia coli expressing a bee-derived cytochrome P450 monooxygenase for thiamethoxam detoxification
· Journal of Biological Engineering
Assessment of a Modification of Specifications of 2’-Fucosyllactose (2’-FL) Produced by a Genetically Modified Strain of Escherichia Coli BL21 (RP2257)
· FSA research and evidence.
Engineered Stable, Antibiotic‐Free, High‐Level Protein Expression in the Probiotic Chassis Escherichia coli Nissle 1917
· Biotechnology and Bioengineering
Tu1679 GAVAGE WITH ESCHERICHIA COLI BL21, E.COLI K12, OR KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE (KNOWN BACTERIA IN IBS/SIBO) INDUCES DRAMATIC MICROBE-SPECIFIC CHANGES IN THE SMALL BOWEL TRANSCRIPTOME OF RATS LINKED, IN PART, TO H2S PRODUCTION
· Gastroenterology
Recombinant Escherichia coli BL21 with LngA Variants from ETEC E9034A Promotes Adherence to HT-29 Cells
· Pathogens
Safety of 6′‐sialyllactose (6’‐SL) sodium salt produced by derivative strains of Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) as a novel food pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283
· EFSA Journal
Safety of 3’‐sialyllactose (3’‐SL) sodium salt produced by derivative strains of Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) as a Novel Food pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283
· EFSA Journal
Safety of 3‐fucosyllactose (3‐FL) produced by a derivative strain of Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) as a Novel Food pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283
· EFSA Journal
Recombinant Escherichia coli BL21-pET28a-egfp Cultivated with Nanomaterials in a Modified Microchannel for Biofilm Formation
· International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Bacterial secretion of histamine within the gut influences immune responses within the lung
· Allergy
Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 engineered to express Tum-5 can restrain murine melanoma growth
· Oncotarget
[Immunoprotective effect of combined pneumococcal endopeptidase O and pneumococcal surface adhesin A vaccines against Streptococcus pneumoniae infection].
· PubMed
Surface display of lead-binding protein PbrR on Escherichia coli and preliminary study of intestinal colonization by the recombinant bacteria
· Zhonghua weishengwuxue he mianyixue zazhi
Bacterial Secretions of Nonpathogenic Escherichia coli Elicit Inflammatory Pathways: a Closer Investigation of Interkingdom Signaling
· mBio
Prokaryotic expression and immunogenicity analysis of C5a peptidase(ScpB) of Streptococcus agalactiae isolated from tilapia
· Journal of Fishery Sciences of China
Enzymes involved in energy conservation via substrate-level phosphorylation in the syntrophic benzoate degrader, Syntrophus aciditrophicus
· SHAREOK (University of Oklahoma)
Down Regulation of ackA-pta Pathway in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3): A Step Toward Optimized Recombinant Protein Expression System
· Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology
Comparative study on growth and morphological characteristics of a wild type strain Rhizobium spp. (RCA-220) and a genetically engineered E. coli BL21
· Journal of Bio-Science
Recombinant Expression of hTFF2 and Its Roles in Migration and Anchorage-independent Growth of Colonic Cancer Cells
· Kunming Yike Daxue xuebao
Phospholipid scramblase 1 mediates hepatitis C virus entry into host cells
· FEBS Letters
Discussion
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Citations
Selected papers that name this strain.
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[1]
PMID 29156755 →Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 engineered to express Tum-5 can restrain murine melanoma growth· Oncotarget · 2017
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[2]
PMID 15208315 →Structural Basis for Isozyme-specific Regulation of Electron Transfer in Nitric-oxide Synthase· Journal of Biological Chemistry · 2004
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[3]
PMID 14704153 →Structural Insights into Molecular Function of the Metastasis-associated Phosphatase PRL-3· Journal of Biological Chemistry · 2004
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[4]
PMID 15611079 →Epigen, the Last Ligand of ErbB Receptors, Reveals Intricate Relationships between Affinity and Mitogenicity· Journal of Biological Chemistry · 2004
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[5]
PMID 10085125 →Sortilin/Neurotensin Receptor-3 Binds and Mediates Degradation of Lipoprotein Lipase· Journal of Biological Chemistry · 1999