Liver: strains named in the research

Akkermansia muciniphila is a gut bacterium that naturally inhabits the mucus layer lining the intestine and has attracted substantial scientific interest as a potential next-generation probiotic.

Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (formerly Lactobacillus plantarum) is a well-characterized lactic acid bacterium found across fermented foods, the human gut, and diverse environmental niches.

Lactobacillus acidophilus is one of the most studied lactic acid bacteria, with research dating back decades documenting its ability to survive the harsh conditions of the gastrointestinal tract, including acid and bile …

Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) is one of the most extensively studied probiotic strains globally, though the papers linked to this strain entry focus primarily on encapsulation technology and formulation stability…

Bifidobacterium longum is a well-characterized commensal species found throughout the human gut, with a particularly studied role in early-life microbiome establishment.

Lactobacillus casei (species-level entry, undesignated strain) is a broadly studied lactic acid bacterium encountered across fermented dairy and non-dairy foods.

Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus, most widely studied as the GG strain, has an extensive research record, though the evidence base in this index is predominantly in vitro and animal-model work.

Faecalibacterium prausnitzii is a butyrate-producing commensal bacterium that is among the most abundant in a healthy human gut and has attracted significant research interest as a potential next-generation probiotic.

Lacticaseibacillus casei (species-level entry, no specific strain designation) is a broad species grouping that includes well-studied commercial strains such as L.

Lacticaseibacillus paracasei (the species, without a designated strain identifier) is a broadly distributed lactic acid bacterium found in fermented foods and the human gut.

Clostridium butyricum is a spore-forming anaerobic bacterium capable of producing butyric acid through fermentation.

Lactobacillus helveticus is a lactic acid bacterium widely used in dairy fermentation and probiotic applications.

Bacteroides uniformis is a common anaerobic bacterium of the human gut microbiome, and a specific strain (CECT 7771) has attracted research interest for its metabolic effects in animal models.

Bifidobacterium breve is a species commonly found in the human gut, particularly in breastfed infants, where it plays a role in fermenting complex carbohydrates including human milk oligosaccharides.

Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) is a non-pathogenic E.

Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron is a dominant member of the healthy human gut microbiome and one of the most extensively studied gut commensal bacteria.

Bacillus coagulans is a spore-forming bacterium studied as a probiotic candidate, in part because its spores exhibit heat and acid stability, a property studied in relation to survival through food processing and gastric…

Bifidobacterium pseudolongum is a species found in the intestinal microbiota of various mammals, including rodents and swine, where it has attracted growing research interest as a potential probiotic candidate.

Lactobacillus brevis is a heterofermentative lactic acid bacterium widely distributed in fermented food environments.

Lactobacillus fermentum (species-level entry, no specific strain designation) is a heterofermentative lactic acid bacterium found in fermented foods and the human gastrointestinal tract.

Lactobacillus johnsonii is a facultative anaerobic lactic acid bacterium originally isolated from the human vaginal microbiota.

Bifidobacterium infantis is an anaerobic bacterium native to the infant gut microbiota.

Bacteroides acidifaciens is a strict anaerobic bacterium naturally present in the mammalian gut microbiota.

Clostridium leptum is an anaerobic gut bacterium that belongs to a numerically significant group of microbes in the human intestine, often used as a biomarker in microbiome composition studies.