Respiratory: strains named in the research

Lactobacillus casei (species-level entry, undesignated strain) is a broadly studied lactic acid bacterium encountered across fermented dairy and non-dairy foods.

Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (formerly Lactobacillus plantarum) is a well-characterized lactic acid bacterium found across fermented foods, the human gut, and diverse environmental niches.

Lactobacillus acidophilus is one of the most studied lactic acid bacteria, with research dating back decades documenting its ability to survive the harsh conditions of the gastrointestinal tract, including acid and bile …

Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus, most widely studied as the GG strain, has an extensive research record, though the evidence base in this index is predominantly in vitro and animal-model work.

Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) is one of the most extensively studied probiotic strains globally, though the papers linked to this strain entry focus primarily on encapsulation technology and formulation stability…

Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) is a commensal bacterium of the upper respiratory tract that can cause serious opportunistic infections, including pneumonia, meningitis, and septicemia, particularly in immuno…

Lacticaseibacillus casei (species-level entry, no specific strain designation) is a broad species grouping that includes well-studied commercial strains such as L.

Bifidobacterium longum is a well-characterized commensal species found throughout the human gut, with a particularly studied role in early-life microbiome establishment.

Bifidobacterium breve is a species commonly found in the human gut, particularly in breastfed infants, where it plays a role in fermenting complex carbohydrates including human milk oligosaccharides.

Akkermansia muciniphila is a gut bacterium that naturally inhabits the mucus layer lining the intestine and has attracted substantial scientific interest as a potential next-generation probiotic.

Clostridium butyricum is a spore-forming anaerobic bacterium capable of producing butyric acid through fermentation.

Lacticaseibacillus paracasei (the species, without a designated strain identifier) is a broadly distributed lactic acid bacterium found in fermented foods and the human gut.

Bifidobacterium animalis BB-12 is one of the most extensively studied Bifidobacterium strains, with a research record spanning food science, gut physiology, and clinical settings.

Bifidobacterium infantis is an anaerobic bacterium native to the infant gut microbiota.

Lactobacillus casei Shirota is one of the most extensively studied probiotic strains, with a research history spanning several decades.

Lactobacillus johnsonii is a facultative anaerobic lactic acid bacterium originally isolated from the human vaginal microbiota.

Bacillus clausii is a spore-forming bacterium studied as a potential probiotic organism in research.

Faecalibacterium prausnitzii is a butyrate-producing commensal bacterium that is among the most abundant in a healthy human gut and has attracted significant research interest as a potential next-generation probiotic.

Bacillus licheniformis is a spore-forming bacterium studied in veterinary and aquaculture applications.

Streptococcus salivarius K12 is an oral probiotic strain with one of the broader clinical evidence bases in upper respiratory and oral health research.

Bacillus megaterium is a large, aerobic, spore-forming soil bacterium with a long history of industrial and agricultural use, particularly as a source of enzymes including amylases and cytochrome P450 variants (notably C…

Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) is a non-pathogenic E.

Streptococcus mitis is a gram-positive commensal bacterium that forms part of the normal oral and upper respiratory microbiota in humans.

Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron is a dominant member of the healthy human gut microbiome and one of the most extensively studied gut commensal bacteria.