Respiratory infections

Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus, most widely studied as the GG strain, has an extensive research record, though the evidence base in this index is predominantly in vitro and animal-model work.

Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) is one of the most extensively studied probiotic strains globally, though the papers linked to this strain entry focus primarily on encapsulation technology and formulation stability…

Lactobacillus casei (species-level entry, undesignated strain) is a broadly studied lactic acid bacterium encountered across fermented dairy and non-dairy foods.

Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (formerly Lactobacillus plantarum) is a well-characterized lactic acid bacterium found across fermented foods, the human gut, and diverse environmental niches.

Lactobacillus acidophilus is one of the most studied lactic acid bacteria, with research dating back decades documenting its ability to survive the harsh conditions of the gastrointestinal tract, including acid and bile …

Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) is a commensal bacterium of the upper respiratory tract that can cause serious opportunistic infections — including pneumonia, meningitis, and septicemia — particularly in immu…

Bifidobacterium animalis BB-12 is one of the most extensively studied Bifidobacterium strains, with a research record spanning food science, gut physiology, and clinical settings.

Lacticaseibacillus casei (species-level entry, no specific strain designation) is a broad species grouping that includes well-studied commercial strains such as L.

Bifidobacterium longum is a well-characterized commensal species found throughout the human gut, with a particularly studied role in early-life microbiome establishment.

Bifidobacterium breve is a species commonly found in the human gut, particularly in breastfed infants, where it plays a role in fermenting complex carbohydrates including human milk oligosaccharides.

Bacillus clausii is a spore-forming bacterium studied as a potential probiotic organism in research.

Streptococcus salivarius K12 is an oral probiotic strain with one of the broader clinical evidence bases in upper respiratory and oral health research.

Lactobacillus casei Shirota is one of the most extensively studied probiotic strains, with a research history spanning several decades.

Lacticaseibacillus paracasei (the species, without a designated strain identifier) is a broadly distributed lactic acid bacterium found in fermented foods and the human gut.

Lactobacillus helveticus is a lactic acid bacterium widely used in dairy fermentation and probiotic applications.

Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 (formerly Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938) has been studied in multiple randomized controlled trials and at least one published meta-analysis examining infantile colic, episodes of p…

Bifidobacterium lactis BL-04 (also classified as B.

Streptococcus salivarius 24SMB is an upper respiratory tract commensal studied primarily as a nasal spray "bacteriotherapy" — a term referring to the deliberate introduction of beneficial bacteria to compete with pathoge…

Clostridium butyricum is a spore-forming anaerobic bacterium capable of producing butyric acid through fermentation.

Lactobacillus fermentum (species-level entry, no specific strain designation) is a heterofermentative lactic acid bacterium found in fermented foods and the human gastrointestinal tract.

Limosilactobacillus fermentum CECT5716 (previously classified as Lactobacillus fermentum CECT5716) was originally isolated from human breast milk, an origin that has shaped much of the research into its applications.

Bifidobacterium infantis is an anaerobic bacterium native to the infant gut microbiota.

Enterococcus faecium strain L3 is a gram-positive lactic acid bacterium.

Lactobacillus murinus is a bacterium native to the gastrointestinal tracts of rodents (rats and mice), where it is a dominant resident species.